Sound like a sci-fi scenario? Unfortunately it is too real. A new and very virulent mutant pathogen has infected patients in hospitals in at least thirty-eight states. Because cases of the infection by these bacteria are not reported in many states, the incidence of infection is likely increasing at a much more rapid rate than has been recognized. Alerts have been sent out by the CDC and other offices responsible for communicable disease control in the U.S. This new epidemic strain of anti-biotic resistant bacteria is now suddenly ranked with MRSA or methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureas (aka Staph) as the top two potentially deadly infections that can be contracted during a hospital visit.
What is this new bacteria? It is actually a common bacteria (a bug) that has caused treatable diarrhea in older patients at nursing homes and in hospitals for years. Clostridium difficile or C.diff. is transmitted through contact with fecal matter, usually from hand or food to mouth. C.diff related diarrhea occurs most commonly as a result of anti-biotic use.
When certain antibiotics are used they kill some of the good bacteria in your body that usually keeps bad bacteria like C.diff from flourishing. (C.diff is resistant to most anti-biotics) Ironically, when you are attacked by C.diff because of the antibiotics you are taking—you must take a specific anti-biotic to kill the flourishing C.diff. Herein lays the new problem.
A mutant strain of C.diff called NAP1/027 resists all antibiotics and this bacteria is more toxic. C.diff produces spores when it senses that it is under attack from antibiotics and these spores are not easily killed by the usual sanitization products used to clean hospital environments. These C.diff spores can remain on hospital surfaces for months and can contaminate food and anything touched by hospital personnel or patients. Contracting C.diff, especially the NAP1 strain can lead to uncontrolled bouts of diarrhea, up to fifty per day, and can lead to more serious, imagine something more serious, like C.difficile associated disease (CDAD) and chronic colon problems.
What can I do about it? Not a lot. But here are a few things which may help you avoid infection:
1. Avoid over-use of antibiotics. Ask you doctor if antibiotics, especially any anti-biotic that has been associated with CDAD, is really needed for treatment. Anti-biotic over-use is a major reason that these resistant bacteria are mutating.
2. Wash your hands thoroughly before you put anything in your mouth, especially after visiting a hospital or nursing home.
3. Wear surgical gloves if you are caring for patients with CDAD or diarrhea.
4. Do not let severe cases of diarrhea go untreated by a doctor. Unfortunately, common diarrhea medicines can make C.diff infection worse by stopping the bacteria flushing effect of diarrhea. C.diff infections call for more than over-the-counter medicines.
5. If you suspect a problem, call your doctor, especially if you develop diarrhea after tending to a patient or visiting a hospital setting.
